Publication Ethics and Research Misconduct
La Escula Abdiku is a peer-reviewed journal published by El Maarif Cendikia Nusantara. This statement outlines the ethical principles and responsibilities of all parties involved in the publication process, including authors, editors, members of the Editorial Board, peer reviewers, and the publisher.
This publication ethics statement is based on the principles and best practices of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and is intended to ensure the integrity, transparency, fairness, and quality of the journal's publication process.
The publication of articles in a peer-reviewed journal is an important contribution to the development of a coherent, reliable, and respected body of academic knowledge. Peer-reviewed articles reflect the quality and integrity of research conducted by authors and the institutions supporting their work.
Therefore, all parties involved in the publication process are expected to uphold high standards of ethical conduct and professional responsibility. These parties include authors, editors, peer reviewers, the publisher, and other relevant stakeholders.
The publisher of La Escula Abdiku, El Maarif Cendikia Nusantara, is committed to safeguarding the integrity of the journal's publication process. Advertising, reprints, sponsorship, or other commercial activities must not influence editorial decisions or the academic evaluation of manuscripts.
Research misconduct includes fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, citation manipulation, and other unethical practices in conducting, reviewing, reporting, or publishing research.
When an allegation of research misconduct is received, the Editor and Editorial Board have a responsibility to investigate the matter appropriately and take necessary action to protect the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record.
In cases of suspected misconduct, the Editor and Editorial Board will follow relevant COPE guidelines and best practices. The investigation may involve reviewing the allegation, requesting clarification or evidence from the authors, consulting relevant experts, and communicating with the authors' affiliated institutions when necessary.
A submitted manuscript found to contain serious research misconduct will be rejected. If misconduct is identified in an article that has already been published, the journal may issue a correction, expression of concern, or retraction, depending on the nature and seriousness of the misconduct. Any retraction will be clearly linked to the original article.
The initial stage of an investigation involves determining the validity of the allegation and whether the alleged conduct falls within the definition of research misconduct. The Editor may also consider whether the person making the allegation has a relevant conflict of interest.
If there is a reasonable possibility that scientific misconduct or other substantial research irregularities have occurred, the allegation will be communicated to the corresponding author. The corresponding author will be asked to provide a detailed response on behalf of all co-authors.
After receiving and evaluating the response, the Editor may conduct additional investigations or seek assistance from relevant experts, including statistical reviewers where appropriate.
If the investigation indicates that misconduct is unlikely to have occurred and the matter can be resolved through clarification or additional analysis, the journal may publish an appropriate clarification, correction, or editorial notice.
Authors, journals, and affiliated institutions share responsibility for maintaining the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record. Where necessary, La Escula Abdiku will take appropriate action, including publishing corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions.
The Editor of La Escula Abdiku is responsible for deciding which submitted manuscripts should be published.
Editorial decisions must be based on the academic quality, originality, validity, significance, and relevance of the manuscript to the journal's scope and readership.
Editors may be guided by the journal's editorial policies and applicable legal requirements, including those concerning defamation, copyright infringement, and plagiarism.
The Editor may consult members of the Editorial Board, peer reviewers, or other experts when making publication decisions.
La Escula Abdiku provides a clear and transparent procedure for handling complaints and appeals concerning the journal, editors, Editorial Board members, reviewers, or publisher.
Complaints may concern any aspect of the journal's publication process, including editorial decisions, citation manipulation, unfair editorial or peer-review practices, conflicts of interest, peer-review manipulation, or other forms of unethical publishing behavior.
Complaints and appeals will be handled fairly, objectively, confidentially, and in accordance with relevant COPE guidelines and best practices.
Editors evaluate manuscripts based on their academic and intellectual content without discrimination based on race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.
The Editor and editorial staff must maintain the confidentiality of all information relating to submitted manuscripts.
Information concerning a submitted manuscript must not be disclosed to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.
Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used by editors or editorial staff in their own research without the express written consent of the author.
Editors and reviewers must disclose any potential conflicts of interest that could affect their objectivity in evaluating a manuscript.
Peer review assists the Editor in making informed editorial decisions. Through constructive comments and communication with authors, reviewers may also help improve the quality, clarity, and academic integrity of manuscripts.
Any reviewer who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript, or who knows that they cannot complete the review within the required timeframe, should promptly notify the Editor and decline the review invitation.
Manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents.
Reviewers must not disclose, share, reproduce, or discuss the contents of a manuscript with anyone other than the Editor or other individuals authorized by the Editor.
Reviews should be conducted objectively and professionally.
Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Reviewers should express their views clearly and provide constructive comments supported by relevant academic arguments or evidence.
Reviewers should identify relevant published works that have not been cited by the authors.
Any statement, observation, derivation, or argument that has previously been reported should be accompanied by an appropriate citation.
Reviewers should also inform the Editor of any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and other published works of which they have personal knowledge.
Privileged information and ideas obtained through the peer-review process must be kept confidential and must not be used for personal or professional advantage.
Reviewers should not accept manuscripts for review if they have conflicts of interest arising from competitive, collaborative, personal, institutional, or other relationships with any of the authors, companies, or institutions associated with the manuscript.
Authors of original research articles should provide an accurate and objective account of the research conducted and an objective discussion of its significance.
The underlying data should be presented accurately in the manuscript. The manuscript should contain sufficient methodological detail and appropriate references to enable other researchers to understand and, where possible, replicate the research.
Fraudulent, fabricated, falsified, or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable.
Authors may be asked to provide relevant raw data in connection with a manuscript for editorial review.
Where practicable and ethically permissible, authors should be prepared to make supporting data available for verification or further academic use.
Authors are responsible for retaining research data for a reasonable period after publication and for ensuring the reproducibility and integrity of their research.
Authors must ensure that their manuscripts are original works.
When authors use the ideas, findings, words, or other materials of others, they must appropriately acknowledge the original sources through proper citation or quotation.
Plagiarism in any form is unacceptable.
Authors should not publish substantially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication.
Submitting the same manuscript simultaneously to more than one journal constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.
Authors must properly acknowledge the contributions and works of others that have influenced the development of their research.
Publications that have significantly contributed to the conception, methodology, analysis, or interpretation of the reported research should be appropriately cited.
Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made substantial contributions to the conception, design, execution, analysis, or interpretation of the research.
All individuals who have made significant contributions should be appropriately listed as co-authors.
Individuals who have contributed to specific substantive aspects of the research but do not meet the criteria for authorship should be appropriately acknowledged or identified as contributors.
The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all appropriate co-authors are included and that no inappropriate individuals are listed as authors.
The corresponding author must also ensure that all co-authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript and agreed to its submission for publication.
All authors must disclose any financial or other substantive conflicts of interest that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the results, interpretation, or conclusions of the research.
All sources of financial support for the research project must also be disclosed.
If an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in their published work, they must promptly notify the Editor or publisher.
The author is expected to cooperate with the Editor in correcting the article or, where necessary, retracting the publication.
If research involves human participants, animals, chemicals, procedures, equipment, or other activities involving unusual or potentially significant risks, authors must clearly identify and address the relevant ethical considerations in the manuscript.
Where required, authors must obtain and provide appropriate ethical approval or clearance from an authorized institutional or legal body.
Research involving human participants or animals must comply with applicable ethical standards and regulations.
If research involves confidential data or sensitive information, including business, institutional, or marketing information, authors must clearly explain how such information has been obtained, managed, protected, and reported.
Authors must ensure that confidential or sensitive information is securely protected and that its disclosure complies with applicable ethical, legal, and institutional requirements.
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